What makes a Surface Slippery?

 

What makes a Surface Slippery?

A surface can become slippery for a variety of reasons. One common cause is the presence of moisture, such as water or ice. When a surface is wet, the liquid can reduce friction between the surface and the object or person on it, making it more difficult to maintain traction. This is why it's important to use caution when walking on a wet surface, such as a slick tile floor or an icy sidewalk.

Another cause of slippery surfaces is the presence of certain substances, such as oil or grease. These substances can also reduce friction and make it difficult to maintain traction. This is why it's important to be cautious when working in environments where these substances are present, such as in a kitchen or a garage.

Another cause of slippery surfaces is the type of material used to make the surface. Some materials, such as polished marble or polished granite, have a smooth surface that can be more slippery than a rougher surface. Additionally, certain types of rubber or plastic can become slippery when they get older and worn out.

Lastly, some surfaces can be slippery due to a lack of maintenance. for example, a surface that is not cleaned regularly may become covered in dirt and debris, which can make it difficult to maintain traction. Similarly, a surface that is not properly maintained, such as a surface that is not sealed or treated, can also become slippery over time.

A surface can become slippery due to a variety of reasons, including moisture, certain substances, the type of material used, and lack of maintenance. It is important to be aware of these potential hazards and take appropriate precautions to avoid accidents. Regular cleaning and maintenance can help reduce the risk of slips and falls on slippery surfaces.

 

The Importance of a Slip Free Surface

 

The Importance of a Slip Free Surface

By Frederick M. Hueston, stoneforensics.com

 

 

A slip-resistant surface is an essential safety feature for any flooring or surface that is frequently walked on. It helps to prevent slips and falls, which can cause serious injury or even death.

Slips and falls are a common cause of workplace injuries and can occur in any environment, from offices and factories to shops and restaurants. They are also a major cause of accidents in the home. In fact, slips and falls are the leading cause of accidental injury in the United States, accounting for over 8 million emergency room visits each year.

The risk of slips and falls can be reduced by using slip-resistant surfaces. These surfaces are designed to increase friction between the floor and the shoe, making it less likely for a person to slip and fall. Slip-resistant surfaces can be achieved by using a variety of materials and techniques, including textured flooring, non-slip coatings, micro surface alteration, surface abrasion and anti-slip tape.

One of the most common ways to create a slip-resistant surface is by adding a textured surface to the flooring. This can be achieved by using materials such as aggregate, grit, or raised patterns. These textured surfaces increase the friction between the shoe and the floor, making it less likely for a person to slip.

Another way to create a slip-resistant surface is by using a non-slip coating. These coatings are applied to the surface of the floor and provide an extra layer of protection. They are often used in areas such as bathrooms, kitchens, and other areas where water is present, as water can make a surface more slippery.

Micro surface alteration is a chemical treatment that is applied to the surface and creates microscopic pores that act like tiny suction cups that will grab any footwear or bare feet from sliding.

Surface abrasion is a honing procedure that increases slip resistance by roughening the surface.

Anti-slip tape is also a popular option for creating a slip-resistant surface. This type of tape is applied to the surface of the floor and provides a textured surface that helps to increase friction. Anti-slip tape is usually only used on stair and ramps.

In summary, slip-resistant surfaces are essential for preventing slips and falls, which can cause serious injury or even death. There are many ways to create slip-resistant surfaces, such as using textured flooring, non-slip coatings, micro surface alteration and anti-slip tape. It is important to make sure that any flooring or surface that is frequently walked on is slip-resistant to ensure the safety of everyone who uses it.

Granite Countertops vs Quartz. How to choose.

 

Granite Countertops vs Quartz. How to choose.

By Frederick M. Hueston, StoneForensics.com

When it comes to countertops, granite and quartz are two popular options that homeowners often consider. While both materials have their own unique features and benefits, they also have some key differences.

Granite is a natural stone that is quarried in large blocks, then cut into slabs. It is known for its durability and unique patterns, which can range from bold and colorful to more subtle and understated. However, granite does require sealing to protect it from stains and other types of damage.

Quartz, on the other hand, is a man-made material that is made from crushed quartz and resin. It is also durable and resistant to stains, but it is not as heat resistant as granite. Additionally, quartz has a more consistent color and pattern than granite, which can have variations.

In terms of cost, granite tends to be more expensive than quartz. This is because granite is a natural stone that must be quarried and cut, while quartz is man-made and can be produced at a lower cost.

When deciding between granite and quartz, it's important to consider your needs and preferences. If you want a natural stone with unique patterns, granite may be the best choice. If you prefer a consistent look and don't mind a man-made material, quartz may be the better option. Additionally, you should also take into account the cost and the maintenance and care required for the material you choose.

In conclusion, while granite and quartz are both popular materials for countertops, they have their own unique features and benefits. Both materials are durable and resistant to stains, but granite is more heat resistant than quartz. Additionally, granite is a natural stone that requires sealing, while quartz is man-made and has a more consistent color and pattern. Both materials have their own pros and cons, and it ultimately comes down to personal preference and budget when deciding which one to choose.

 

Everything you wanted to know about Basalt .

 

Everything you wanted to know about Basalt .

By Frederick M Hueston, StoneForensics.com

 

The most prevalent rock on Earth and the bedrock of practically all oceans, the dark grey basaltic rock, is extraterrestrial. On the Moon, Venus, Mars, and even a few well-known asteroids, it has deposits. Many planets' crusts are virtually entirely comprised of basalt. Many of the black or gray stone used for countertops and other dimension stone that are sold as granite are actually Basalt. The following is some basic information on this interesting rock.

 

Basalt is known as an extremely hard stone in Latin. This natural stone can match or even surpass granite in terms of toughness. As there is no crust older than 200 million years under the oceans, basalt is a young rock. It is still forming in a lot of underwater locations. With basalt, the Romans constructed homes, temples, stadiums, and street paving. Today, you may have a countertop, fountain, or fireplace surround made of this high-quality stone.

Because it is as tough as granite, basalt makes an excellent building material. Additionally, it is an excellent thermal insulator, with thermal insulation parameters that can be many times higher than those of other stones and building materials. Basalt is non-flammable, non-toxic, and beneficial to the environment. Its surface resists slipping. Worktops, wall panels, fireplace surrounds, and countertops are all made from this superb quality construction and ornamental stone, which is also used to pave streets, terraces, and floors.

Basalt Formation

The waters of the Earth are covered in enormous layers of basalt. It originates where the Earth's crust splits and rapidly cools volcanic lava flows. These rocks are known as effusive. Since they are the narrowest locations where convective currents swirling in the earth's interior carry hot liquid rocks from the lower mantle, these locations are where the majority of basalt is created. When the space between the plates opens, lava rushes up and flows over the ocean floor, acting as the Earth's lifeblood. Until the cooling basalt forms the clot, a gaping wound bleeds. These miles-long, clot-filled lesions on the ocean floor contribute to the creation of the new sea floor.

Basalt's color is influenced by the local geology. Iron and magnesium are typically abundant in basalt. Basalt is black because it has a high concentration of magnesium oxide and calcium oxide and a very low concentration of the lighter silicate minerals. Basalt slabs may occasionally display a faint brown or orange color due to iron ore compounds. Although basalt is typically grey to black in color, its oxidized iron-rich minerals can turn it brown or reddish. On the Mohs scale, basalt has a hardness of 7.

What are the properties of Basalt?

Basalt is an excellent choice for many applications where dimension stone is used. Here are some of the properties:

Hardness: Basalt is a very hard and dense rock, making it resistant to scratches and damage from everyday use.

Heat resistance: Basalt can withstand high temperatures, making it suitable for use in kitchens and bathrooms as countertops.

Low porosity: Basalt has a low porosity, which means it does not absorb liquids or stains easily, making it easy to clean and maintain.

Low maintenance: Basalt is a low-maintenance material and does not require sealing or polishing to keep it looking new.

Non-toxic: Basalt is a natural and non-toxic material, making it safe for use in food preparation areas.

Aesthetically pleasing: Basalt is available in a variety of colors and patterns, making it a visually appealing option for countertops.

 

Common Shower Failures

 

Common Shower Failures

By Frederick M. Hueston, stoneforensics.com

 

Shower failures can be a major headache for homeowners and can lead to costly repairs if not addressed in a timely manner. Some of the most common shower failures include cracking or breaking of the shower pan, failure of the waterproof membrane, and leaks due to improper sealing.

One of the most common causes of shower pan failure is improper installation. If the shower pan is not installed correctly, it can crack or break over time due to shifting or settling of the foundation. This can lead to leaks and water damage, which can be costly to repair.

Another common cause of shower failure is the failure of the waterproof membrane. The waterproof membrane is a layer of material that is placed under the shower pan to prevent water from seeping through to the subfloor. If this membrane is not properly installed or becomes damaged, it can lead to leaks and water damage.

Improper sealing is another common cause of shower failures. If the shower is not properly sealed, water can seep through the gaps and cause damage to the surrounding areas. This can lead to mold and mildew growth, as well as water damage.

Improper slope or drainage can also lead to shower failures. The shower pan should be sloped towards the drain to ensure proper drainage and prevent water from pooling in the shower. If the shower pan is not properly sloped, water can accumulate and cause leaks and water damage.

To prevent shower failures, it is important to have your shower installed by a professional who is experienced and knowledgeable about proper installation techniques. Additionally, regular maintenance and inspections can help to identify potential issues before they become major problems.

In summary, shower failures can be caused by improper installation, failure of the waterproof membrane, improper sealing, and improper slope or drainage. These can lead to costly repairs and water damage. To prevent shower failures, it is important to have your shower installed by a professional and to regularly maintain and inspect the shower.

 

Is Direct Sunlight Harmful to Marble?

 

Is Direct Sunlight Harmful to Marble?

By Frederick M. Hueston

 

Marble is a beautiful and popular natural stone that is often used in building and home decor. However, it is also sensitive to certain environmental factors, such as direct sunlight. Over time, exposure to direct sunlight can cause marble to discolor, fade, and even develop cracks.

One of the main effects of direct sunlight on marble is discoloration. Marble is composed of calcium carbonate, which can react with sunlight and cause the color to change or fade. This can result in unsightly yellow or brown stains on the surface of the marble.

Another effect of direct sunlight on marble is the development of cracks. Marble is a relatively soft stone, and prolonged exposure to sunlight can cause the surface to dry out and become brittle. This can lead to the formation of cracks, which can weaken the structural integrity of the marble and make it more susceptible to damage.

In addition to discoloration and cracking, direct sunlight can also cause the surface of marble to become dull and lose its shine. This is because sunlight can cause the surface of the marble to become etched, which can dull the shine and make the marble look dull and faded.

To protect marble from the effects of direct sunlight, it is important to keep it out of direct sunlight whenever possible. This can be done by using window coverings, such as curtains or blinds, to block out the sun's rays. It is also important to regularly clean and polish the marble to maintain its shine and protect the surface from etching.

In conclusion, direct sunlight can have a detrimental effect on marble, causing discoloration, cracking, dulling and etching. To protect marble from these effects, it is important to keep it out of direct sunlight and maintain proper care and cleaning.

 

How to Clean and Maintain a Stone Pool Deck

 

How to Clean and Maintain a Stone Pool Deck

By Frederick M. Hueston, stoneforensics.com

 

You just had a new stone deck installed and your wondering what do I do next. How do I maintain it? Do I need to seal it? How do I deal with stains? The following will give you the guidance you need to keep your stone pool deck looking new.

 

Basic Maintenance

 

To maintain a stone pool deck, you should regularly:

1.      Sweep or blow leaves and debris off the deck to prevent staining and discoloration.

2.      Clean the deck with a neutral cleaner and water to remove any dirt or algae that may have accumulated.

3.      Seal the deck every 1-2 years to protect the stone from water damage and staining.

4.      Check for and repair any cracks or chips in the stone to prevent further damage.

5.      Keep the pH levels of your pool water balanced to prevent damage to the deck.

6.      Keep the trees and plants around the pool trimmed to prevent leaves and branches from falling on the deck.

7.      Use mats or rugs to prevent any scratches or stains from pool chairs and other furniture.

8.      Consider using a professional cleaning service to maintain your stone pool deck for optimal results.

 

 

Other Issues that may arise

 

Sinking Pavers- If you notice your pavers becoming uneven or sinking, consider the location of the affected area. If it's around the pool shell, it may be due to a broken pipe or improper backfill compaction, which requires a professional repair. If the sinking is happening in other areas, it's likely due to poor sub-base compaction. To fix this, remove the pavers in the affected area and add more fill.

 

Weed Growth-Weeds grow by seedlings landing in joint spaces where sand has washed out between pavers, not from the bottom up. Properly installed pavers with good materials can help prevent weed growth, but weeds can still find ways to grow. Spot weed killer can effectively treat isolated weed issues, but avoid oil-based products as they can stain natural stone pavers.

 

Ants- Ants can create unsightly sand dunes on your patio and pose a stinging hazard. To get rid of them, you can use a mild insect repellent and spray it on any nests or areas with a lot of ants. As a longer-term solution, consider having an insect treatment sprayed around the area. Additionally, using a product like "sand lock" can prevent ants from accessing the sand between your pavers.

Other cautions for avoiding ants are as follows:

1.      Keep the area clean: Ants are attracted to food and sugary substances, so make sure to clean up any spills or crumbs on the pool deck.

2.      Use ant baits: Ant baits contain a slow-acting poison that the ants will take back to their colony, killing the queen and the rest of the colony.

3.      Use a natural repellent: Essential oils like peppermint, cinnamon, and citrus can help to repel ants. Mix a few drops of the oil with water and place in containers around the perimeter of the pool deck.

4.      Use a barrier: A barrier of diatomaceous earth or talcum powder can help to keep ants off the pool deck.

5.      Call a professional exterminator: If the ant problem persists, you may want to consider calling a professional exterminator to help control the infestation.

It's important to remember that preventing ants from entering your home is the best way to control them.

 

 

 

Sealing Your Stone Pool Deck

To seal your stone paver pool deck you will want to use a good quality stone impregnating sealer. Impregnators are designed to sink into the pores of the stone and protect it from within. You DO NOT want to use any sealers that place a topical layer over the surface of the stone. This will block the breathing of the stone and will not allow it to breathe.  Some good impregnators can be purchased at most home improvement centers. Here is a list of a few that will work.

Impregnator  sealer brands

                Miracle Sealants 511

                Aqua Mix Sealers Choice Gold

           

Caution: Avoid impregnators that are designed for color enhancing. These sealers will darken the stone.

How do you know if your stone deck needs to be sealed? Test the stone surface by placing some water on the stone. Wait five minutes to see if the water soaks into the stone. This will result in a dark area. If the stone soaks up the water than seal with a good quality stone impregnating sealer per directions below.

 

 

Directions for applying the impregnator.

 

Clean the surface of the stone thoroughly using a neutral cleaner and water, making sure to remove any dirt, dust, or stains.

Allow the stone to dry completely. This may take several days. Ideally check with a  moisture meter.

Shake the impregnator well before use.

Apply the impregnator to the stone surface using a brush, roller, or sprayer. Be sure to saturate the stone completely but avoid leaving any excess impregnator on the surface.

Allow the impregnator to penetrate the stone for the amount of time recommended by the manufacturer. I like to allow it to sit for 10 minutes.

Wipe any excess impregnator off the surface of the stone with a clean, dry cloth.

Allow the impregnator to cure completely before using the stone surface or applying any sealers. Usually, 24 hours is sufficient for curing.

Please note that different impregnators may have different instructions, please always refer to the product directions before use.

 

 

How to Remove Rust Stains from stone pool pavers

Rust stains can occur from furniture place on the stone surface as well as from irrigation water, etc. To remove them it is important to use the following procedures as soon as possible.

To remove rust stains from marble using a poultice, you will need the following materials:

• A mixing bowl
• A spoon or spatula
• A white, powdery rust remover (such as Iron Out*)
• A white, absorbent material (such as flour or talcum powder)
• Plastic wrap
• Painters Tape

Steps:

1. In the mixing bowl, combine equal parts of the rust remover and the absorbent material and water until it forms a paste.
2. Spread the paste over the rust stain(about 1/8 inch thick), and cover it with plastic wrap.
3. Secure the plastic wrap in place with tape.
4. Allow the poultice to sit on the stain for at least 24 hours.
5. Remove the plastic wrap and discard the poultice.
6. Rinse the area thoroughly with water and dry it with a clean cloth.

It is always recommended to test the solution on a small area before applying to the entire surface.

Important- Iron Out is available in a liquid and powder. Do not use the liquid. Only use the powdered Iron Out.

 

Removing other Stains from your Stone Pool deck

 

Stains other than rust can be caused by wine or other food and drinks. The following is how to remove them.

 

1. Mix a cleaning agent that is appropriate for the type of stain and the type of stone. Common cleaning agents used in poultices include hydrogen peroxide, baking soda, and ammonia.
2. Add an absorbent material to the cleaning agent to create a thick paste. Common absorbent materials used in poultices include flour, talcum powder, and diatomaceous earth.
3. Apply the poultice to the stain and cover it with plastic wrap or wax paper to keep it from drying out.
4. Allow the poultice to sit on the stain for at least 24 hours, or longer if the stain is particularly stubborn.
5. Remove the poultice and wipe the area with a clean, damp cloth.
6. Rinse the area thoroughly with water and dry it with a clean cloth.

Note: Before trying poultice method, test the cleaning agent on a small, inconspicuous area of the stone to make sure it doesn't damage or discolor the stone. Also always make sure to read the instructions for the cleaning agent and for the stone.

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Most wine and other food and drink stains can be removed with the above procedure with a 20 volume hydrogen peroxide solution. This peroxide can be purchased at most beauty supply stores as hair developer.

 

Follow the above advise and you will enjoy your stone pool deck for years.

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