Marble is a Glittering Stone

 

Marble is a Glittering Stone

By Frederick M. Hueston, StoneForensics.com

 

Marble’s name speaks for itself (marmaros, Gr. – glittering stone). During several thousand years it has preserved the right to be considered a decoration material, shiny in every way. Artists noticed that it is a unique material for sculpture as long ago as ancient times. The Venus of Milo, Parthenon, Zeus of Olympus temple, columns of Artemis temple in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World, were created of soft white marble.

Owing to moderate hardness, this stone is polished perfectly well, and gives soft glitter coming from the inside. Under the rays of light penetrating into the stone, marble comes to life – light shining aureole appears around it. It glitters with pink, yellow, grey, blue, greenish, reddish, brown, black tones and amazes with their various combinations. Colored marble usually has many “stone veins”, which are splits filled with natural admixtures. On the shears of Verona, Fossile Marrone, Jura, Rosso marble, an attentive eye will distinguish shapes of ancient shellfish, corals, petrified algae, shells. Some types of marble having quartz and pyrite admixtures glitter with crystal and golden tinges.

Variety in texture and color (from deep black to milkwhite, which, by the way, was worshipped by Michelangelo) allows to make the brightest ideas come true. Subject to chosen colors, the “stone” interior can be warm or cold, massive or airy, luxurious or simple, dark or light.

Marble processing.
Most of the stone working companies produce marble flag of standard size: 300 x 300, 305 x 305, 400 x 400, 600 x 300 mm. Thickness varies from 10-20mm and more, subject to purpose. Considering tile texture, there are not too many ways of marble surface treatment: polishing, grinding, bush-hammering, artificial ageing.

Polishing and grinding emphasize the natural beauty of the stone. Bush-hammering adds useful antiskid lines to the material. “Antique” becomes more and more popular being preferred by lovers of the antique in general and interior antique stylization. It is believed that the natural ageing imitation (artificial weathering) creates a special atmosphere of softness and warmness. Weathered marble is widely used for floor tiling in modern restaurants and saloons: with its help the designers try to add an air of authenticity to the interior. Artificially imitating this natural phenomenon one can get different degrees of ageing. This effect is achieved through special surface treatment technology, which may include mechanical (including manual) and chemical influence. For example, for producing tabletops, wall and floor decoration, stone mosaics is often used. It is put into a special barrel where stones rub themselves against one another acquiring rounded shapes.

Marble application.
This decoration material is applied for inner and outer decoration. Floors, walls, staircases, fireplaces, columns, tabletops, kitchen worktops, lamps, decorated with marble always look wonderful.

Marble properties.
Marble is lasting, firm, weather-resistant. Nevertheless, with all its firmness it remains a soft absorbing material. As is known, marble and shale are carbonate sediments that are vulnerable to acid, coloring agents, thermal impact. Marble surface should be protected from thermal impact – a cup of hot tee or coffee may turn out fatal for a tabletop. It is possible to make stairs or floor surface of marble, but one should prevent a possibility of dropping of such abrasive particles as sand on a marble surface, as they will scratch the stone.

Choosing a marble for wet premises one should remember that a long-during contact with water changes marble’s color. The reason of it is oxidation of ferruginous mineral admixtures. Nevertheless, this material is more preferable for bathrooms than granite, as its structure is more porous, which provides better binding.

It is important to make the right choice of binder material for marble laying. Using cement grout or adhesive leads in some period to appearance of irremovable spots on the marble surface – absorbed saline and coloring additives. That is why it is recommended to apply special adhesive solution and plaster. If you take into account these nuances and pay attention to them in future, then not only you, but also your children and grandchildren will be able to admire the stone beauty.

Marble treatment.
As to operations characteristics, marble is practically eternal. However, it needs care and protection from aggressive environment – dust, water, salt, sand and acid. Thereto special agents are used: reinforcers, polishes, stone impregnations, cleaning solutions, mastic and even beeswax.

It concerns first of all polished floors. The main enemy of the polished surface is dirt, that is why it is necessary to take care of multistage protection system and regular surface cleaning. Wax protection coating improves decorative appearance of the stone, protects it and allows to wash the stone surface with water. For unprotected stone floors there also exist special substances that clean the dirt and at the same time create a protective film. Besides that, compositions reducing sliding even on the wet stone surface have been developed.

If stone faults are so strong, that wax preparations do not help anymore radical agents are applied – grinding with subsequent polishing. Stone surface regrinding and repolishing is carried out with the help of special equipment. Consequently the stone gains original appearance.

Prices for marble.
The times, when only rich could afford decorating their houses with marble, have gone. Technical producing and treatment methods have reduced the cost price and the marble has turned from object of luxury to one of the available goods.

The main suppliers of the “glittering stone” are Italy, Greece, Turkey. China has recently become another active marble supplier. The stone quality does not depend on the place of origin. Environment, producing and treatment technology are much more important. On the other hand, origin influences its price as it includes value of labor, custom duties and transporting costs.

When buying marble facing slabs, it is necessary to pay attention to size and quality of the surface. For slabs with polished and grinded first-class surface finish visible faults are unacceptable. The second class may have some defects: not more than two or three small defects of the corners and chips on the edges. Colored first and second class marble intended for inner decoration may have one non-through crack of tectonic origin.

It is necessary to take into account the existence of difficult for color selection marble and practically homogeneous stones. Difference in slab color is a distinctive feature of natural material. That is why the buyer should specify the level of possible color divergence beforehand and check the maximum quantity of specimen.

Standard polished ten millimeter facing slab costs from 8 to 40 pounds per m2. The main influential parameters are originality, shape, color, firmness, type of treatment. Unique stone may excel the base line in price considerably. An increase in slab thickness advances the price greatly.

Marble is a noble material: right selection, competent laying, follow-through experts’ recommendations will return a hundredfold. Everyone dealing with marble will agree with Michelangelo’s words: “Marble is a soul of the universe, the purest substance, created by god: it’s not simply a god’s symbol, but reflection of his image, god’s means to reveal himself. Only with the hands of god could this noble beauty have been created”.

 

 

Landscaping Stone Designs That May Make the House Look it’s Best

 

Landscaping Stone Designs That May Make the House Look it’s Best

By Frederick M. Hueston, StoneForensics.com

 

Landscaping Stone Designs That May Make the House Look it’s Best

When you own a home, you want the exterior to appear just as good as the inside. This is why you notice lots of people on the weekends planting tons of plants and trying their best to create their yards appear amazing. However, the only problem is the fact that plenty of the good ideas for landscaping have previously been performed. Obviously, there is one thing that people used to forget about whenever it comes to landscaping, and it actually is one of the great things to work with, and that is stone. Landscaping stone ideas can, not only provide your yard a look all of its own, however at the same time, it will give your yard a fresh feel. There are so lots of various things that you can do with stone, it’s curious that more people do not utilize it. The possibilities are endless, and that stone is a best method to create every yard different.

To start with, you have to understand that stones, not only make an ideal walk way, but they create a good patio. Whenever people are using stones around their house, the main thing that they always do is utilize it for a walkway. Sure it’s a good idea, but it’s been played out to death. It’s time to come up with a fresh idea. Rather than just using it for a pathway, utilize it to build the ground of your patio. They make very flat stones that are perfect to be used as a floor. This will furnish your patio a very classy, yet, very outdoor feel. Another plan you may want to consider about using is using the stones to create levels to your floors. What you do is put down stones to build a wall (not a big wall, but a small one). Then behind the wall you fill it by dirt. Then you set your flowers. Behind those flowers you craft one more wall, but this time you build it a bit bigger. Then you fill that with dirt, and you repeat as several times as you desire.

The finest idea for stones, however, is to apply them when making a pond in your plot. This is simple to do, and just about anybody can perform it over the course of just one weekend. Not only that, but the stones around it are going to give it an incredible look. If you add a little pump to the pond to create the pond have moving water, then it will keep things like mosquitoes out of it. There is no end to the number of things that you can do with stones in your backyard. The great news is that most of it can be completed in a day, and stones (for the most part) do no cost that much to work with.

 

Soapstone Countertops Decidedly Magnificent

 

Soapstone Countertops Decidedly Magnificent

By Frederick M. Hueston, StoneForensics.com

 

Soapstone countertops may be just the thing you’re looking for in a decorators dream of a kitchen! Not only do these type countertops look wonderful, they’re also one of the most durable and maintenance-free countertops you can choose. Read on to find out more about soapstone countertops and what makes them so wonderfully appealing.

The mineral used to make soapstone countertops, steatite, comes from metamorphic rock. This non-porous material offers an ideal medium for applications such as kitchen countertops because it does not absorb liquids. Unlike other materials often used for kitchen countertops, including granite, soapstone countertops do not stain because of this unusual characteristic.

Another exceptional quality about soapstone countertops lies in its unique thermal properties. Nearly heatproof, placing a hot pot or pan directly from the stovetop or oven on it causes no damage whatsoever. Because of its excellent ability to withstand heat, this mineral is used not only in soapstone countertops, but also in a number of other applications including laboratory counters, oven interiors, grills, and many more.

One of the most remarkable and attractive properties of soapstone countertops stems from its upkeep. Maintaining soapstone countertops means nothing more than regularly applying mineral oil to it with a rag. By keeping the same rag sealed in a zip-locked plastic bag and reusing it, one maintains the beauty and luster of soapstone countertops indefinitely. The oiling of soapstone countertops also creates the added benefit of it darkening over time to a dark gray and eventually to a rich, deep black color. Sometimes soapstone countertops develop deep green markings that come from natural-occurring shadings of the stone.

Scratches or marring inevitably occurs in soapstone countertops that receive heavy use. To remedy this, first sand with 120-grit sandpaper, then go over the mark with 220-grit sandpaper and water. Rub mineral oil into the area, wait a few hours and apply more mineral oil. Continue to apply mineral oil over the course of several days until the soapstone that has been repaired matches its surrounding areas.

Now that you know more about soapstone countertops, why not do some research yourself? You may find this unusually appropriate material just the thing for which you’ve been looking in a kitchen countertop. You’ll never know, though, till you check it out. The wave of the future in kitchen design may very well be soapstone countertops. Don’t miss out!

 

Countertops 101 Deciding on Your Kitchen Countertop Materials

 

Countertops 101 Deciding on Your Kitchen Countertop Materials

By Frederick M. Hueston, StoneForensics.com

 

For many, their kitchen is the most important room in their house. And most real estate experts agree that the best way to improve or raise the property value of a house is to remodel the kitchen. The four major components of a kitchen remodel usually involve replacing the major appliances, installing new floors, replacing or re-facing the kitchen cabinets, and installing a new countertop. Let’s focus on that final component replacing your current kitchen countertop material with a new one.

Naturally, it involves more than just running off to the store to pick out a new countertop for your kitchen. You will first need to consider how much you want to spend. You also need to think about how much time and effort you’ll need to spend to maintain your new countertop. Finally, you’ll want to seriously consider the style and look you want in your kitchen. Whatever type of countertop you install, it will be the focal point of the entire room.

The very first type of countertop that pops into the mind of every anxious kitchen renovator is granite. However, there are many countertop materials to choose from and granite is only one of them. These days, a kitchen remodeling hopeful can select tile, stone, acrylic, concrete, stainless steel, and laminate, even wood!

GRANITE
Let’s start with the most popular: granite. Granite countertops are the most popular but also the most expensive. Why? Besides the beautiful surface, granite is extremely heat and scratch resistant. A granite countertop is exceptionally durable and will last a long time. A granite countertop will never go out of style and granite slab installation will greatly increase the value of the house. The drawbacks? Other than the expense, granite is a natural stone and it is porous. A sealer will be required to prevent staining. One alternative is to use granite tiles in place of a massive slab. The cost savings on the tiles is high. It is important to not use the granite surface as a cutting board as it will dull the finish (and ruin a knife or two.)

OTHER NATURAL STONES
Besides granite, there are other various stone surfaces that can be used on kitchen counters. Quartzite, marble, limestone, soapstone, and slate surfaces are very popular today. Marble is smooth and cool, perfect for food preparations directly on the surface. Its not as durable as granite and requires more sealing maintenance to protect from staining. Slate is very durable and has such a unique surface that it can really stand out in a kitchen. As slate has been used as a roofing material, it doesn’t require as much sealing protection, but some upkeep is still needed. Limestone is very porous, and spills must be treated quickly to prevent staining. It has a natural, weathered look that can deepen and darken over time. Natural quartzite has a look similar to slate but does not stain or scratch as easily. Engineered quartz has been gaining popularity as well, but the costs are considerably more (engineered materials are a quartz composite product mixed with epoxy, polymers, and small stones or pebbles for a unique look and feel.)

TILE
Glazed ceramic and porcelain tile has been popular in kitchens for decades. It comes in a huge variety of colors, shapes, and designs. The tiles can be a small as a square inch and as large as six square inches. The tiles are durable and also have some of the same heat and scratch resistance qualities as granite. The porcelain tiles are usually more expensive than the ceramic tiles, but the porcelain tiles are more durable and the hardest fired type of tiles. Drawbacks of tile? It can chip easily, more expensive than laminate alternatives, and the grout can be an issue. When putting the tiles together, there are grout lines between each of them and grout can stain very easily. It will require a lot more maintenance to keep it looking good. Because of the grout issues, the ability for the tiles to break and chip easily, and the overall cost, it is best to leave the installation work to a professional.

CONCRETE
Concrete is not only for sidewalks or driveways. A concrete countertop is pigmented and can be polished into a smooth and shiny surface that can resemble any natural stone. The counters can be molded in a factory or cast on site. Concrete is rather porous and needs to be regularly sealed, similar to granite, to resist stains. It can be made into any shape and have any thickness. Concrete is also heat and scratch resistant. The counters can be made in a variety of colors and textures. Drawbacks on concrete? The sealer that is required is not the only protection needed. The sealer needs to be waxed every one to three months to prevent stain and water damage, so maintenance can be extensive. You cannot cut on the concrete surface without leaving marks. Concrete is also very expensive.

STAINLESS STEEL
A restaurant would probably be the first thing one would think of when it comes to a stainless-steel kitchen counter. But there is a reason most restaurants use this material. Durability, stain and water resistance, low maintenance, a myriad of size and shape choices are just a few of those reasons. It’s also very easy to clean and you can put a hot plate or pan on the surface without worry of damaging it. Drawback many don’t like the industrial look of it. It can be rather expensive to have made. Cutting on it can leave marks and it can be easy to dent. It’s important to make sure the surface is at least 18 gauge and has eight to ten percent nickel in it.

WOOD
Sometimes called Butcher Block Countertops, a wood counter is usually made from strips of maple or oak that has been glued together. But just about any hardwood can be made into countertops. Bamboo countertops are the latest trend! Wood counter material has a warm, beautiful look that can come in a variety of shades and textures. It’s perfect for people who want to cut directly on the surface of their counter. It can be sanded and resealed in the event of any deep cuts, scratches or stains. It can be easy to install and the prices are reasonable. Drawbacks? Wood is not very hard and can easily burn, scratch, or dent. The wood can warp or turn black near sinks from regular water contact. And it requires regular sealing.

LAMINATE
Formica is the most common name for laminate counters. Its made of a thin layer of plastic glued to particleboard or wood. Plastic laminate counters are very inexpensive, lightweight, and available in an endless supply of colors and patterns. It is very stain-resistant and, as a plastic material, it is easy to clean. Because it comes pre-formed, it can be easy for a do-it-yourselfer to install. Drawbacks to Formica? While these counters are somewhat durable, they do not last forever. Laminates are not heat or scratch resistant, but they are stain resistant. Abrasive cleaners can dull and scratch the surface. Warping or water spots occur with excessive exposure to moisture. The color or pattern can fade with time.

ACRYLLIC/SOLID SURFACE
Solid surface counters are manufactured tops that are custom-made for any application. Popular companies include Corian, Avonite, and Swanstone. These surfaces are durable, water resistant, easy to clean, non-porous, and are even resistant to mold and bacteria. And nicks or scratches can be sanded away. Drawbacks include problems handling hot pans on the surface, high expense, and the excessive weight requires a good strong cabinet base (similar to natural stone.) Some do not like the plastic or fake look of the material, but the material does have a wide range of colors to choose from.

Replacing the kitchen countertops is only one step in your goal to renovate the kitchen, but it is considered the biggest step by many. You can really make a statement about your kitchen and your home with the right selection of countertop material. Of course, once you take care of those worn out counters that came with the home, it will really make those old cabinets, flooring, and appliances stand out! Its all just part of the process of increasing the value of your property.

 

Discontinued Tile: Remodeling with Discontinued Ceramic Tile

 

Discontinued Tile: Remodeling with Discontinued Ceramic Tile

Using discontinued ceramic tile is a wonderful way to remodel your home while saving a great deal of money. Most businesses will sell discontinued ceramic tile at a great discount and this offers many benefits to the consumer. You can use the tile to remodel your floors, or tile a wall, just make sure that the discontinued ceramic tile is strong enough to handle the use you’ve purposed for it. You should also make sure that you purchase enough of the tile at first, to protect yourself from running out of tile before completing your project.

Cleaning and Discontinued Ceramic Tile

Most ceramic tile requires little more than soapy water to clean it. However, if your discontinued ceramic tile is specially glazed, be sure to find out what cleaning products were recommended to use with your tile. You may also want to write down the name of the manufacturer and contact them as soon as you purchase the tile with any questions that you have. If you contact them in the future, they may no longer have readily available answers for you.

Looking for Discontinued Ceramic Tile

You may be lucky enough to just happen upon discontinued ceramic tile that is perfect for your project while visiting your local homebuilder supply store. If not, and you are set on purchasing this tile for the reason of savings, then you can turn your search to the Internet and look for discontinued ceramic tile from various dealers online. This is a great way to view samples of tiles before you view and will allow you to have many options to choose from. By browsing the Internet, you can save time, money, and gas. Plus, you have the ability to shop from many more stores than you could tackle in person. By choosing discontinued ceramic tile, you can create the project of your dreams and maintain your budget as well. This is a wonderful benefit for both you and the supplier. Remember, for the best assistance, you should ask any questions that you may have regarding the ceramic tile at the time of the sale.

What is that Pink Stuff on my Shower Floor and Walls

 

What is that Pink Stuff on my Shower Floor and Walls

By Frederick M. Hueston, Stoneforensics.com

 

You walk into your shower and notice this pink discoloration growing between the grout on your tile floors and walls. You may also encounter this pink stain on your toilet where the water line is. What is this pink stuff? Most professionals assume it is a type of mold. There on the right track but there wrong. The pink stuff is caused from a bacterium called Serratia Marcescens. This bacterium is found in the environment and tends to grow on soap and shampoo films.

If you’re a healthy individual the bacteria is harmless, however people with comprises immune systems can experience aliments such as urinary tract and bladder infections. The bacteria can enter the body through the eyes and any open cuts or wounds. For this reason it is best to remove the bacteria with the following procedure:

 

Cleaning that Pink Stuff

 

Fortunately removing this pink bacterium is fairly easy.

To remove the pink film, take about a cup of baking soda and mix it into a paste by adding some liquid dish detergent. Apply this paste to the pink areas and allow it to sit for about 15 minutes or so. Next scrub the surface with a soft nylon scrub brush and rinse with plenty of water.  Repeat until all the pink is gone.

Prevention

Cleaning is not enough since there still may be bacteria. You will need to disinfect the shower. The best disinfectant is bleach. Mix about a ¼ cup of household bleach to a gallon of water. Spray this mixture and allow it to sit for about 10 minutes. Then rinse with plenty of water.

This Pink bacterium spreads in damp and wet areas so its important to dry the shower each time its used to remove any excess water.

If soap scum or shampoo starts to accumulate clean it with a nonacid shower cleaner and towel dry.

Remove any shower curtains and wash on a monthly basis.

Keep the bathroom air circulating to help keep in dry. Turning on the exhaust fan for 20 minutes after a shower will help.

Make sure to keep bathroom windows closed. This bacterium is air-borne and can enter from the outside air.

Why Painting Brick is a Bad Idea

 

Why Painting Brick is a Bad Idea

By Frederick M. Hueston, Stone Forensics

 

That ugly, deteriorating brick wall needs to be cleaned and painted. So out comes the pressure washer to clean it and then an application of several coats of paint. BAD IDEA.  Painting brick can cause all kinds of problems and if that brick is already deteriorating than painting it will only accelerate the damage. The following article will explain why painting brick is a bad idea.

 

Types of Brick

Before we understand why paints, coating, sealers etc are a bad idea for brick we must first understand what types of bricks are out there as well as how brick react to moisture.

In the construction industry there are basically five brick types

 

• Burnt clay bricks

These are the most common bricks and the ones normally found in most homes and buildings. They are made from wet clays, compressed and fired in a kiln. They are commonly red in color but can be found in almost any earth tone.

• Sand lime bricks (calcium silicate bricks)

These are manufactured by a combination of sand, fly ash and lime. Color pigments are added for various colors. Unlike burnt clay bricks they are not fired with the same technique. They are molded under heat and pressure and form a chemical bond to hold them together. The are usually gray in color but can be any color. Their finish is smoother than other brick types and are often used for strength.

• Concrete bricks

Concrete brick as made of Portland cement mixtures. They are also available in various colors. They are commonly used in fencing and interior brick work

• Fly ash clay bricks.

These are light weight bricks since they contain fly ash. They tend to expand in in the presents of moisture. They are also highly fire resistant and often used foundations

 

 

 

• Refractory Bricks

These types of bricks contain special blends of earth and aluminum oxide. They can withstand extremely high temperature. They are commonly used inside chimneys and furnaces as well as pizza ovens and outdoor barbecues.

 

Brick Properties and its Deterioration

More than likely the brick you plan on painting is very porous. Of course, the mortar between the brick, which is called “point”, is also very porous. Most paints, sealers and other coating and treatments are not breathable or what is called vapor permeable. This prevents water from escaping the brick and mortar.

Most of the problems associated with brick can be traced to moisture or water intrusion of some kind. Many stains are caused by the presents of water. Water is an essential ingredient for the setting, cleaning and restoration of brick, but it can also be its number one enemy.

What problems are associated with moisture and water.  The following is a brief description of these problems.

Efflorescence

Efflorescence appears as a white powdery residue on the surface of the brick.  It is a common condition on new brick installations or when the brick is exposed to a large quantity of water, such as weather and washing.  This powder is a mineral salt from the setting bed or brick itself.  To remove efflorescence do not use water, brush the brick with a clean soft nylon brush.  The brick will continue to effloresce until it is completely dry.  This drying process can take several days to as long as one year or more.

Subflorescene

Subflorescene is what happens when the mineral salts migrate and do not make it all the way to the surface. In the efflorescence condition above, the salts are deposited on the surface of the brick. In subflorescene the salts crystallize just below the surface, causing stress within the pores of the brick. The result is a condition known as spalling which appears as pits or flaking in the surface of the brick.  subflorescence is very common on brick and is very common on almost all masonry surfaces where de-icing salts are used.

 

 

Mineral crusts or Lime Putty

 

Mineral crusts or lime putty can be recognized by its white crust like formation on brick surfaces. These crusts are often found on outdoor brick walls, water fountains and other areas where brick is exposed to water. The crusts are a deposit of hard mineral salts consisting of calcium, magnesium. These minerals originate from the soil, setting bed or from the water itself. These salts are similar to efflorescence in that they are a mineral. They differ in that they form a hard crust that can be difficult to remove.

 

Now imagine all these salts trying to escape the surface of the brick. As the salts being carried by water migrates to the surface and meets the paint of coating, they become trapped.  The salts continue to accumulate in the pores of the brick and slowly attack the brick causing the paint to flake and the brick to break down and in server cases turn to powder. At this point replacement may be the only option.

In conclusion if painting brick or applying any sealer or coating it is important to make sure the paint, sealer or coating is breathable. Most paints and sealers are not.